Irish genealogy guide

How to Use IrishGenealogy.ie
for Irish Family History

Births, marriages, deaths and parish records on IrishGenealogy.ie: what is online, how to search it and what to do when the name you expect is missing.

If you are looking for an Irish birth, marriage or death, I would try IrishGenealogy.ie early on. It is free, and for many civil records you can open an image of the register entry rather than make do with a search result. The difficulty usually comes when a familiar name produces too many results, or none at all.

I will use a made-up example, Pat Sullivan of County Kerry, to show how I would search. The same habits apply as in my guide to the Antenati registers in Italy: check which records were kept, work from what you already know, and read the entry once you find it.

About the 1922 fire A lot was lost on 30 June 1922, but the civil registers survived.

The fire at the Four Courts in Dublin destroyed much of the Public Record Office collection. It did not destroy every Irish birth, marriage or death record, however. Here is what was lost, and what you can still search.

What records are on IrishGenealogy.ie?

IrishGenealogy.ie is run by the Irish government. Its two searchable collections are civil registration (births, marriages and deaths) and selected church registers (mostly baptisms and marriages, with some burials). You can search and view the records available there without a subscription.

You will see different kinds of results. An index entry might give you a name, year and registration district; a transcription gives you details typed from a church register; an image shows what the clerk or priest actually wrote. If an image is available, open it. The index may have missed something.

Civil records: the current date ranges

Civil records available online
RecordSearchable indexRegister images
Births1864–19251864–1925
Marriages1845–1950*1845–1950*
Deaths1864–19751871–1975

*Civil registration of non-Catholic marriages began in 1845. Catholic marriages, births and deaths were registered from 1864. Deaths in 1864–1870 are in the index, but the corresponding register images are not yet in this collection. Images can also be missing for individual later entries.

The most recent update added births from 1925, marriages from 1950 and deaths from 1975. The usual cut-offs are 100 years for births, 75 for marriages and 50 for deaths. Those years become searchable when the site publishes its annual updates, not necessarily on the anniversary of an event.

Northern Ireland Check which part of Ireland your record belongs to.

The earlier civil registers cover the island of Ireland. For events in Northern Ireland from 1922 onwards, use GRONI. The later dates shown in the table are for the 26 counties of what became the Irish Free State. GRONI has its own search system and charges for viewing details.

The church records cover particular areas

The church search is easy to misunderstand. It does not contain every Catholic or Protestant parish in Ireland. The main collections are listed below, but even within a named diocese the years can differ from parish to parish.

Main church collections on IrishGenealogy.ie
CollectionWhat to expect
Roman Catholic Diocese of KerryBaptism and marriage transcripts to around 1900. The diocese also includes parts of western County Cork; it is not simply a county boundary.
Dublin city Roman CatholicBaptisms, marriages and burials where kept. Many transcripts extend to around 1900; some images stop earlier. St Paul's, Arran Quay is not included.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cork & RossMany south and west Cork and Cork city records, with images generally to around 1880. There are gaps, including some records for St Mary & St Anne, St Patrick's and Blackrock.
Church of Ireland: Dublin city, Carlow and KerrySurviving baptism, marriage and burial registers, with many images extending to around 1900. Coverage is not identical for every parish.
Presbyterian: Lucan, County DublinA small transcript collection, not a national Presbyterian database.

I would check the parish coverage list before searching for a baptism. It tells you which registers are included. For instance, the Carlow records here are Church of Ireland registers; they are not a searchable set of every Catholic parish in County Carlow.

How many records are there?

For an idea of the size, these are the figures the government published on 1 March 2022. They are dated figures, as more years have been added since.

Civil birth entries6,784,749
Civil marriage entries1,939,623
Civil death entries6,943,532

Together, that comes to 15,667,904 civil entries in the 2022 announcement. It is not a current live count. One person can appear in a birth, a marriage and a death entry, so the total should not be read as a count of individuals.

There are church entries on top of this. I have not found a comparable, current figure published for the complete church collection. When I am searching, the useful question is whether the right parish and period are present.

Start with the most recent record you trust. If your great-grandfather died in England in 1940, find his death or marriage record, look for a birthplace, and work back. A remembered county is useful, but I would not use it to choose a random baptism in 1840. IrishGenealogy.ie has a good introduction to starting your family history, and the National Library makes the same point about beginning with what you can verify.

Write down the name, an approximate birth year and whatever you have for the place. If you know a parent, spouse or sibling, add them as well. The marriage of an Irish emigrant in Britain or America can be particularly handy if it names a father. I explain other ways of joining up the two sides of an emigration in my transatlantic research guide.

An illustrative searchPatrick
“Pat”
Sullivan
County Kerry · about 1878

My example: Pat Sullivan of Kerry

Suppose a marriage record found overseas gives the groom as Pat Sullivan, born around 1878 in County Kerry. His father was Michael Sullivan, described as a labourer. There is no townland, parish or mother’s name.

Pat is invented for this walkthrough. These clues are enough to make a start, but there may be several boys named Patrick or Pat Sullivan born in Kerry in the right period.

Kerry is a county, not a registration district

Irish place names can be confusing at first. A townland is a local land division, a civil parish is an administrative area, and a Catholic parish may cross civil-parish boundaries. A civil registration district is another area again. If a birth appears under the Tralee registration district, that does not mean the family lived in Tralee itself.

Copy the place exactly as it appears on the document. For an unfamiliar townland, I often check Logainm and John Grenham’s place-name pages. A family story saying “Kerry” is a starting point. I would keep the county search fairly broad until a record gives me somewhere smaller.

Open the IrishGenealogy.ie search. At the time of writing, you can choose Civil Records, Church Records or All Records. Some older instructions refer to a different screen, so follow the field labels on the website if they have changed.

  1. Start with a birth search

    For Pat, I would select Civil Records and Birth. Civil birth registration began in 1864, so an estimated 1878 birth is within the right collection. If I were looking for someone born in 1850, I would start by finding their parish registers instead.

  2. Keep the first search loose

    I would enter Patrick Sullivan and try 1875–1881. I would leave Exact name matches only unticked. The birth year comes from a later document and could be a few years out.

  3. Choose Kerry from the location suggestions

    Type Kerry and click the appropriate dropdown suggestion. Leaving plain text in the location box may not apply the filter. If Kerry is only family hearsay, repeat the search without a location too.

  4. Get past the access form

    The civil search can ask for your own name, an acknowledgement and a CAPTCHA. These are about access to the register, not details about your ancestor. You do not need to pay to use the online images.

  5. Look at more than the first result

    Check the year and district of each plausible Sullivan birth. Open the record image where there is one. I would make a note of at least a couple of candidates before deciding that I had found Pat.

  6. Then change the search

    I would try Pat Sullivan, then O’Sullivan, then Sullivan with no forename. Only after that would I widen the years or remove Kerry. Changing one thing at a time makes it easier to see why a new result has appeared.

A detail that can trip you up The mother’s maiden surname is not always an index field.

Birth index entries from 1900 onwards have more searchable information, including the mother’s birth surname. Earlier entries often require you to open the register image. For Pat’s supposed 1878 birth, I would check the mother’s name in the image rather than filter by it from the start.

The same goes for exact day and month fields or a parent’s name. If the detail is a guess, leave it out. Very narrow searches often fail because one box contains information the index does not hold.

Try Pat, Patrick, O’Sullivan and Sullivan

A person can appear under several names without ever changing their name formally. Pat is common for Patrick, Jas for James, Jn for John and Wm for William. Catholic baptism entries may use Latin: Jacobus for James, for example. The GRONI guidance gives examples of abbreviations, and IrishGenealogy.ie has a separate page on church searches.

Some spellings I would try when the obvious search fails
Name you knowOther searches to try
PatrickPat; or surname only within the relevant place and years
JamesJas; Jacobus in Latin church records
JohnJn; Joannes or Ioannes in Latin church records
WilliamWm; Gulielmus in Latin church records
NoraHonoria in some Latin church records
O'Sullivan / McCarthySullivan; O'Sullivan; McCarthy; MacCarthy; M*Carthy

You can use an asterisk as a wildcard. For instance, M*Carthy can bring back spellings with different letters between M and Carthy. I would still run separate searches for MacCarthy and McCarthy if I had trouble finding the family. Keep a county or sensible date range in the search, or a wildcard can return an enormous list.

For women, think about which surname would have been used at that date. A marriage entry may use her maiden name; a later death may be under her married name. A widow who remarried might appear under her first husband’s surname. Also try a surname-only birth search: some children were registered before a given name had been chosen.

Similar spellings are a reason to inspect a result, not a reason to attach it to your tree. Two different Sullivan families could be living a few townlands apart.

What I look for in the original entry

Open the image, find the right line and read across the page. The name is only one column. In a birth entry, for example, the address or townland and mother’s maiden surname may be what separates two children who share a name.

Birth

Look for the date and place of birth, both parents, the mother’s maiden surname, the father’s occupation, and who reported the birth. Also note the date it was registered.

Marriage

The bride and groom’s residences, their fathers’ names and occupations, witnesses and marital status can all help. “Full age” is not an exact age. You generally will not get the mothers’ names in a civil marriage entry.

Death

The entry may give an age, occupation, address, cause of death and informant. Do not expect it to name parents. The person who reported the death may have guessed the age.

These are typical fields rather than a promise that every clerk filled every column.

Back to Pat: suppose one birth names a father Michael Sullivan, labourer. That is worth keeping. But if the mother’s name and townland do not agree with later records, I would keep looking. I would also check births of possible brothers and sisters at the same address. A father’s occupation may change; an entirely different set of parents needs a better explanation.

One easy mistake is to copy the date at the top of a register entry as the birth date. It may be the registration date. Read the field headed “Date and Place of Birth”. The same care applies to baptisms and burials: those ceremonies may take place after the event.

For a baptism, check the church coverage first. Then select Church Records and Baptism, and begin with the surname and a rough span of years. If the parish is uncertain, do not narrow it to a village simply because the family lived there later.

Read the role beside each name. A search result may mention John Murphy because he was a godparent, witness or father, not because John Murphy was the person baptised. The site’s search overview explains why names of different people can turn up in the same result.

If there is an image, read it alongside the transcription. A priest’s handwriting can be difficult, and typed names are sometimes wrong. I also note the godparents or marriage witnesses. If the same people turn up at the baptisms of three children, that is a good lead for another search.

When a parish is missing If the parish is not listed, check the National Library.

The National Library of Ireland has Catholic parish register images for many more parishes, generally up to about 1880. You browse the register for the parish and period; you cannot search every person by name on the Library site itself. The parish may have an index elsewhere, but I would check any suggested match against the register page.

For Church of Ireland or Presbyterian families, find out where that parish’s registers are held and which years survive. A Catholic parish and a Church of Ireland parish with the same place name may have different boundaries. Also, many Catholic parishes did not keep burial registers, so you may find baptisms and marriages but no burials at all.

What was lost in the Four Courts fire in 1922?

On 30 June 1922, during the Irish Civil War, the Public Record Office of Ireland at the Four Courts in Dublin caught fire following an explosion. The building held census returns, wills and probate papers, court records and many Church of Ireland parish registers deposited for safekeeping. Much of that material was destroyed.

The original census returns for 1821, 1831, 1841 and 1851 were largely lost in the fire, though fragments and copies survive. You may also hear that the censuses of 1861, 1871, 1881 and 1891 were destroyed. Those losses occurred before 1922, for different administrative reasons.

The General Register Office kept its civil birth, marriage and death registers separately, which is why you can still look up an 1878 birth on IrishGenealogy.ie. The 1901 and 1911 censuses survived too, as did many Catholic registers and Church of Ireland registers held outside the Public Record Office.

For material that was held in the old Public Record Office, try the Virtual Record Treasury of Ireland. It brings together surviving documents, duplicates and copies of records that no longer exist in their original form.

Put the missing record in context The year and type of record matter more than the story about the fire.

For an 1878 birth, I would search the civil register. For an 1830 baptism, I would find the parish and check when its surviving register starts. The 1922 fire affects those searches in very different ways.

If the search turns up nothing

I usually go back to the search form and strip it down. These are the things I check, roughly in this order:

  1. Right collection? A Catholic marriage in 1850 will not be in the civil marriage register. Check whether the church parish and year are covered.
  2. Name too exact? Untick exact matching; try Pat/Patrick and O’Sullivan/Sullivan, then the surname alone.
  3. Year too narrow? Someone recorded as 60 at death may have been 57 or 63. Try several years either side.
  4. Wrong location? Clear the county or registration district and search again. Do not forget to select a location suggestion when you put one back.
  5. Too many boxes filled? Remove the day, month, parent or mother’s surname if you cannot be sure the index contains them.
  6. Can I find a brother or sister? Their birth records may give the mother’s maiden name and a townland, which could settle the search for your ancestor.
  7. Does an index result exist without an image? Note the reference. An image gap or loading problem is a different issue from a missing registration.

For a missing image or broken link, check the site’s FAQ. You may need to order the entry from the relevant General Register Office if only the index is available. A page that will not load says very little about whether the original register survives.

If the relevant parish register begins in 1845 and you need a baptism from 1820, no change of spelling will fix that gap. I would move to a different source, or try to find the same family through a marriage, a sibling or a later address. There is more on this in my brick-wall research guide.

Where I go next

All Records searches this site’s own collections. It does not search the National Archives, National Library and every other Irish record website together. Depending on the period, I would try:

  • Census records. The National Archives has the 1901 and 1911 censuses. It also published the 1926 census for the 26 counties online on 18 April 2026. Check who was living in the same household, the occupation, and whether the address agrees with a civil entry.
  • Property records. Griffith’s Valuation and the Tithe Applotment Books may put a surname in a particular townland before the surviving complete censuses. They record occupiers and land, not everyone in a family. The National Library’s further research page has links to these sources.
  • Parish registers elsewhere. Try the National Library’s Catholic images. For Northern Ireland, check GRONI and the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. For Church of Ireland registers, consult the surviving-register guides.
  • Newspapers and overseas records. A death notice can mention a brother or a home village. If your ancestor left Ireland, look at records made after the move as well. I have guides to newspaper archives and transatlantic research.

IrishGenealogy.ie has a Get Help page with research guides and links to the National Library and National Archives. It is handy if you are unsure which archive holds the next record.

Keep enough detail to find the record again

If I find a possible match, I save the image or a usable reference and write down the registration district or parish, year, entry number and link. I also note the date I looked at it. If handwriting is hard to read, I put a question mark beside the uncertain word. Do the same for searches that produced nothing: write down the name spellings, places and years already checked.

A source-note template, not an actual record

IrishGenealogy.ie, civil birth register, [registration district], [year], entry [number], [child's name], born [date]; Group Registration ID [identifier], [record URL]; image accessed [date].

For Pat, I might write: “Two Patrick Sullivan births found in Kerry, 1877 and 1879; one has father Michael, labourer; need mother’s name from later family evidence before choosing.” That note will be more useful next month than a screenshot labelled “Patrick Sullivan”.

Irish family history research

Need help sorting out an Irish family?

Perhaps you have two possible birth entries, an emigrant who named only “Ireland” as a birthplace, or a parish that does not appear in the online collection. Send me the records and details you already have, along with the question you are trying to answer.

I can suggest a sensible starting scope for the research and let you know whether a focused search is likely to be enough.

Enquire About Your Irish Ancestors

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Common questions about IrishGenealogy.ie

Is IrishGenealogy.ie free?

Yes. The civil and church records available on the site are free to search and view. Ordering an official certificate or using another service may cost money.

Can I find every Irish parish on the site?

No. The church collection covers named dioceses and individual parishes. If yours is missing, check the National Library’s registers and the parish or archive holding the originals.

Why can I find a death index entry but no image?

Deaths in 1864–1870 have index entries without images on the site. Later records can also have an occasional missing or wrongly linked image. Keep the index reference and check the site’s help page.

Is the first person with the right name my ancestor?

I would want more than a matching name and year. Check parents, occupation, townland, witnesses or other relatives against the records you already trust. A common name such as Patrick Sullivan may produce several plausible people.